The FCA found examples of banks going to significant lengths to protect those at risk of romance fraud, but also uncovered missed opportunities to prevent these scams, which cost victims £106m last year.
One of the cases the FCA reviewed involved a victim losing more than £428,000.
Romance fraud is a growing financial crime, with cases rising by 9% last year. Victims are deceived into sending money to fraudsters who engineer false romantic relationships or friendships. Over 8 in 10 cases (85%) start online, particularly through social media and dating websites, suggesting platforms have a critical role to play in preventing fraud and reducing harm.
In its romance fraud review, the FCA has set out measures banks and other payment firms can take to protect their customers. These include better detection and monitoring systems, staff training, early identification of signs of vulnerability, and compassionate aftercare.
Key findings
- Intervention and prevention are made difficult for firms because victims may be 'under the spell' of the fraudster and reluctant to accept they are being defrauded. In nearly half (42%) of the cases the FCA reviewed, victims did not disclose the true reason for making a payment when asked.
- Despite examples of good practice, there were multiple instances of firms missing opportunities to identify seemingly suspicious transactions. This indicated that firms could calibrate their monitoring systems to be more effective.
- A key area of improvement is for firms to ensure their staff are trained to spot red flags and critically probe customer explanations. This was not consistent across all firms.
- Many firms are providing a high level of support, occasionally exceeding the FCA’s expectations, through compassionate and tailored engagement, although this wasn't consistent across all firms.
Steve Smart, executive director of enforcement and market oversight at the FCA, said:
'Romance fraud is a vicious crime. All too often it is the vulnerable that fall victim. The impact – financially and personally – can be devastating. We recognise the challenge banks and payment firms have in combating this complex crime and this review aims to help them stay one step ahead of the criminals.
'We also all need to be on guard so we can protect ourselves and loved ones by recognising the romance fraud red flags.'
In one case in the FCA’s review, the victim made 403 payments to a fraudster over the course of a year, resulting in losses of over £72,000. The firm’s investigation acknowledged that it had not identified the sustained, out-of-character activity.
Another case involved a victim telling bank staff they intended to send cryptocurrency payments to Iraq, claiming it was the only method accepted by their 'partner' in the military.
The FCA also saw positive examples of banks and payment firms going above and beyond. One firm made 11 calls over a 6-week period to support a victim, demonstrating a commitment to breaking the fraudster’s hold and restoring customer confidence.
Another responded with care to a victim who had recently divorced and was supporting a child undergoing cancer treatment. They proceeded to closely monitor the victim’s account.
Romance fraud red flags
- Alarm bells should ring if someone you’ve only met online asks for money or suggests investments. Never send money (or crypto assets or vouchers), no matter how sad their story.
- Look beyond the online profile. If someone asks you for lots of personal information, yet is unable to meet in person, then that could be a red flag. And use image checkers to see if their pictures can be found elsewhere.
- Get a second opinion from a family member or friend if the other person’s behaviour seems suspicious and you are being asked to make financial commitments you aren’t comfortable with.
- If you think you’ve fallen victim, report it to Action Fraud or Police Scotland if you live there. Speak to your bank as you may be able to get a refund of money you’ve sent – up to £85,000 – and it can help to prevent further losses.
Background
- Read the FCA's review on romance fraud.
- The FCA reviewed a sample of 6 firms, including retail banks and payment firms - some well-established and others newer to the market.
- Figures from City of London PoliceLink is external show that more than £106m was lost to romance fraud in the UK in the 2024/25 financial year. It is estimated that, on average, victims lost £11,222 each.
- Report scams to Action Fraud on 0300 123 2040 or via the Action Fraud websiteLink is external. If you live in Scotland, you should report to Police Scotland by calling 101, or contact Advice Direct Scotland on 0808 164 6000.
- The FCA enables a fair and thriving financial services market for the good of consumers and the economy. Find out more about the FCA.
